Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration, abbreviated AMD, occurs in two different forms, wet and dry. The rate of onset can also vary greatly; some people lose vision so gradually they do not notice, while others experience complete blindness in only a few months. AMD accounts for most vision loss in Americans over 60 years old.

Macular degeneration

Macular degeneration is the degeneration of the macula, or the center part of the eye that allows a person to see fine detail. Macular degeneration causes great difficulty for people when they try to read or drive. Wet macular degeneration occurs when blood vessels behind the retina swell, expand and leak. Wet macular degeneration can progress rapidly, so anyone who suddenly perceives straight lines as wavy should have a full dilation eye exam as soon as possible. Dry macular degeneration occurs when the cells of the macula start to deteriorate. Objects begin to appear blurry after the onset of dry macular degeneration; for example, faces become difficult to recognize.

Diagnosis and treatment

Simple charts exist for use at home so individuals can monitor their vision. These charts are usually a simple grid with a dot in the middle. As long as all lines are visible and straight, the person's vision is normal. As soon as he or she notices irregularities when viewing the chart, an eye exam is necessary. Various treatment methods are available for AMD, including laser surgery, photodynamic therapy and injections. Once dry AMD has progressed to its final stages, it is irreversible. However, identifying it in its early stages and seeking treatment can help patients halt the progress of AMD.

All people over the age of 60 should occasionally test themselves with a chart at home to check for AMD so that, of it occurs, treatment can begin as soon as possible.